Study mode
Foundations Expand all 01 What is Monero? 02 What does "private by default" mean for Monero? 03 What is fungibility, and why does Monero pursue it? 04 What is the atomic unit of Monero? 05 Does Monero have a supply cap? 06 What three things does a Monero transaction hide that a Bitcoin transaction exposes?
Origins & CryptoNote Expand all 01 What is CryptoNote? 02 What was Bytecoin's role in Monero's history? 03 How did Monero come to exist? 04 How was XMR distributed at launch?
Keys, Addresses & Cryptography Expand all 01 What elliptic curve does Monero use? 02 What hash function underpins Monero? 03 What is the difference between H s H_s H s H p H_p H p 04 What is Monero's account-key structure? 05 What can the private view key do that the spend key cannot? 06 What does a standard Monero address encode? 07 What is a subaddress, and why use one? 08 What is an integrated address?
Stealth Addresses Expand all 01 What problem do stealth addresses solve? 02 How does the sender derive the one-time output key? 03 How does the recipient detect an output meant for them? 04 Can two stealth outputs sent to the same recipient be linked to each other? 05 What are view tags?
Ring Signatures & Key Images Expand all 01 What does a ring signature accomplish in Monero? 02 What is a decoy (mixin), and how is it chosen? 03 What is Monero's current ring size? 04 What is CLSAG, and what did it replace? 05 What is a key image? 06 How do key images prevent double-spends? 07 Why don't key images break sender privacy?
RingCT & Bulletproofs Expand all 01 What is RingCT? 02 How does RingCT hide amounts? 03 How does the network confirm no coins were minted out of thin air? 04 What stops a hidden amount from being negative or overflowing? 05 What are Bulletproofs? 06 What are Bulletproofs+?
Emission, Fees & Block Size Expand all 01 What is Monero's block time? 02 How large can a Monero block be? 03 What is the block-reward penalty? 04 How does Monero's emission curve work? 05 What is tail emission? 06 Why tail emission instead of a Bitcoin-style hard cap?
Mining & Network Privacy Expand all 01 What proof-of-work does Monero use? 02 Why does Monero use CPU-friendly proof-of-work? 03 Why aren't Monero's on-chain privacy features enough on their own? 04 What is Dandelion++? 05 How does a user harden network-level privacy?
History, Incidents & Roadmap Expand all 01 What did Monero's August 2022 ("v15") upgrade ship? 02 What was the Qubic 51% episode of August 2025? 03 Why have major exchanges delisted Monero? 04 What is FCMP++, and why is it significant? 05 What are Seraphis and Jamtis?